After being inhaled into the lungs, ammonia easily enters the blood through the alveoli, binds with hemoglobin, and destroys the oxygen transport function. After inhaling a large amount of ammonia in a short period of time, lacrimation, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, bloodshot sputum, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, etc. may occur. Respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory irritation symptoms may occur at the same time. Therefore, the damage of alkaline substances to tissues is deeper and more serious than that of acidic substances.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor, which is lighter than air (specific gravity is 0.5), and the lowest appreciable concentration is 5.3ppm. Ammonia is an alkaline substance that is corrosive and irritating to the skin tissue it comes in contact with. It can absorb moisture in skin tissue, denature tissue protein, saponify tissue fat, and destroy cell membrane structure. The solubility of ammonia is extremely high, so it mainly stimulates and corrodes the upper respiratory tract of animals or humans, and weakens the human body's resistance to disease. When the concentration is too high, in addition to corrosion, it can also cause cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest through the reflex of trigeminal nerve endings. Ammonia is usually inhaled into the human body in the form of gas, and the ammonia that enters the alveoli is neutralized by carbon dioxide, and the rest is absorbed into the blood. A small amount of ammonia can be excreted with sweat, urine or breathing.
In order to demonstrate the harm and impact of low concentrations of ammonia in the air on human health, the experts monitored workers working in indoor environments exposed to concentrations of 3-13 mg/m3 ammonia for 8 hours, in groups of 10, Compared with healthy people not exposed to ammonia, it was found that people exposed to 13 mg/m3 had higher levels of urea and ammonia in their urine, and significantly higher levels of urea in their blood.
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